Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 3 3-4 2017 03 15 44 48 EN Farzaneh Dastan Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Pharmaceutical Care Department, Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behnam Dasht Bozorg Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Goodarzi Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Jamshid Salamzadeh Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Payam Tabarsi Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farzad Kobarfard Medicinal Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fanak Fahimi Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Pharmaceutical Care Department, Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2016 11 13 2016 11 14 Background: Tuberculosis (TB) still remains a major health concern both in developing and developed countries. The rate of the liver injury due to anti-TB drugs in developed countries has been reported up to 4%. The goal of this study is to assess the rate and risk factors for anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Also, a model has been designed to predict DILI in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted an observational study. The investigation was carried out in the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tehran, Iran. Anti-tuberculosis drug treatment course and patients’ demographic data, medical and drug history, and social habits were extracted from their medical records. DILI was defined as an increase in serum alanine aminotransfrase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransfrase (AST) greater than three times of the upper limit of normal (ULN), with symptoms of liver injury, or five times of the ULN without symptoms. Results: In this study, 87 patients (33 male, 54 female, mean age 54.29±21.79 years) with tuberculosis diagnosis were followed. Anti-tuberculosis induced liver injury was detected in 14 (16.1%) patients. Concomitant use of hepatotoxic drugs (Isoniazid, Rifampin and Pyrazinamide) and the abnormal baseline serum liver enzyme levels before the initiation of therapy were found as risk factors for anti-tuberculosis induced liver injury. Conclusion: Anti-tuberculosis induced liver injury is a major problem in tuberculosis patients which lead to treatment interruption in 14 (16.1%) patients. Due to the lack of evidence regarding the mechanism of this side effect, we recommend to monitor anti-tuberculosis drug levels in order to study their probable correlations with DILI.       https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/129 https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/download/129/82