Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 1 3 2015 10 10 81 84 EN Farshid Rahimi-Bashar Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. Alireza Rastgouyhaghi Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. Saadat Torabian Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. Mohammad Reza Hajiesmaeili Fellow in Critical Care Medicine, Parsian Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Sedaghat Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Shahram Seifi Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Mahdis Solhjoo General practitioner, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin, Iran. 2015 10 10 2015 10 10 Background: This study aimed to compare intermittent intravenous (IV) pantoprazole and ranitidine for control of gastric acid secretion and the possible prevention of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (UGIB) in critical care patients. Methods: This was a randomized, double blind clinical trial study of IV pantoprazole (40 mg every12 hour) or intermittent IV ranitidine (50 mg bolus every 8 hour) in patients at risk for UGIB. The primary endpoint was gastric pH. UGIB was measured as secondary endpoint. Results: ninety two Critical care patients were enrolled. Gastric pH was well controlled by two study drugs. Gastric pH increased in pantoprazole group than in the ranitidine group (4.40±0.39 versus 3.32±0.28; P=0.000). Upper GI bleeding was higher in ranitidine group than pantoprazole group (4/46 versus 2/46; P=0.404). Conclusion: This  study  indicates  that  intermittent  IV pantoprazole  compared  with  bolus  IV ranitidine, more effectively controls gastric pH and may prevent UGIB in high risk critical care patients without the development of tolerance. https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/19 https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/download/19/19