Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 2 3 2015 10 11 96 102 EN Hamid Reza Mirzaee Associate Professor, Shohadaye Tajrish Education & Treatment Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Davood Mostafaie PhD Candidate in Health Service Management, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Estebsari Assistant Professor,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Peivand Bastani Assistant Professor, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Rouhallah Kalhor Master of Sciences in Health Service Management, Research Center for Management, Information and Development of Health Systems, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas and Lecturer in Health Service Management Department, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Seyyed Saeed Tabatabaee Ph.D Candidate In Health Services Management, Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health , KermanUniversity of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: Medication errors are mentioned as the most common important challenges threatening healthcare system in all countries worldwide. This study is conducted to investigate the most significant factors in refusal to report medication errors among nursing staff. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on all nursing staff of a selected Education& Treatment Center in 2013. Data was collected through a teacher made questionnaire. The questionnaires’ face and content validity was confirmed by experts and for measuring its reliability test-retest was used. Data was analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics. 16th  version of SPSS was also used for related statistics. Results: The most important factors in refusal to report medication errors respectively are: lack of reporting system in the hospital(3.3%), non-significance of reporting medication errors to hospital authorities and lack of appropriate feedback(3.1%), and lack of a clear definition for a medication error (3%). there was a significant relationship between the most important factors of refusal to report medication errors and work shift (p:0.002), age(p:0.003), gender(p:0.005), work experience(p<0.001) and employment type of nurses(p:0.002). Conclusion: Factors pertaining to management in hospitals as well as the fear of the consequences of reporting are two broad fields among the factors that make nurses not report their medication errors. In this regard, providing enough education to nurses, boosting the job security for nurses, management support and revising related processes and definitions are some factors that can help decreasing medication errors and increasing their report in case of occurrence. https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/54 https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/download/54/54