Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 13 2 2025 06 30 128 143 Fatemeh Afra Clinical Pharmacy Department, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Arman Zargaran Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shaghayegh Namvar 1. Pharm.D, Department of Clinical pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nooshin Shirzad 1st affiliation: Tehran University of Medical Sciences Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center,Department of Endocrinology, Tehran, Iran Mahboobeh Hemmatabadi Department of Endocrinology, Vali-Asr Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soha Namazi Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. 2025 05 04 2025 07 01 Background: This review elucidates the multifaceted therapeutic effects of Juglans L. (J.), a medicinal plant with a rich heritage in traditional medicine and promising potential in modern healthcare. Methods: A narrative review was conducted focusing on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published between 2000 and 2023. A comprehensive literature search was performed in databases including PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar, and the Persian Scientific Information Database. The keywords “Juglans” and “J.” were used. Only human RCTs evaluating various parts of the plant (fruit, leaves, bark, internal septum) were included. Non-human and non-randomized studies were excluded. Results: The findings reveal that while some trials report significant health benefits of J., others show minimal or no effects, suggesting the importance of personalized approaches in clinical application. Conclusion: This review underscores the growing role of herbal medicine in preventive care and as a complement to standard treatments. Further studies are needed to clarify its mechanisms of action, determine optimal dosing, and evaluate long-term safety and efficacy. As global interest in natural remedies rises, J. stands out as a promising candidate in both preventive and therapeutic contexts https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/839 https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/download/839/422