Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 13 3 2025 12 01 197 216 Sareh Hosseini Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran Yasaman Khajeamiri Department of Pharmacovigilance, Ronak Pharmaceutical Co., Tehran, Iran. 2025 09 08 2025 10 01 Background: Phlebitis is a common complication of intravenous therapy, marked by inflammation of the vessel wall and surrounding tissues. Its incidence varies widely, from 6.2% to over 70%, and is influenced by multiple factors. This review aimed to identify factors contributing to phlebitis to improve prevention strategies and patient care in clinical settings. Methods: We conducted an integrative review of relevant articles, including clinical studies, meta-analyses, and case reports published up to October 2024. A comprehensive search was performed across PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus. Twenty-one studies were selected for analysis and summary. Results: Based on the reviewed studies, several factors influence phlebitis incidence: patient-related factors, including age (older adults over 40 are generally at increased risk), gender, with inconsistent impact, and comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; medication-related factors (drug irritancy, pH, osmolality, and particulate matter); and procedure-related factors (catheter placement and clinical practices) Conclusion: Phlebitis risk is shaped by patient-, product-, and process-related factors. Understanding how these elements interact is essential for effective prevention and management. Further research will help clinicians develop strategies to reduce complications and improve outcomes. https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/891 https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/download/891/431