Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 12 1 2024 04 15 1 2 Mandana Moradi School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. 2024 04 15 No Abstract No Abstract https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/679

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 12 1 2024 04 15 3 8 Fehmi Mukadam MUHS Ujwala P. Gawali Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra, India. 2024 02 12 2024 03 17 Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) present significant challenges in healthcare, necessitating vigilant monitoring and analysis to enhance medication safety protocols. This retrospective study aimed to analyse ADRs reported at an Adverse Drug Reactions Monitoring Centre (AMC) to understand prevalence, patterns, and characteristics of ADRs. Methods: Retrospective data from January to December 2023 were collected from the AMC at Vaishampayan Memorial Medical College, Solapur. A total of 282 ADR reports were analysed for frequency, severity, implicated medications, patient demographics, and associated clinical factors. Causality assessment was performed using the WHO-UMC scale. Results: The majority of ADRs were associated with the oral route of drug administration (79.43%), and most were categorized as minor severity (68.44%) and probable causality (91.84%). Common ADR symptoms included vomiting (9.55%) and rash (9.22%). Antimicrobial agents were the most suspected drugs causing ADRs (17.38%). The study revealed discrepancies in ADR reporting patterns and highlighted the importance of pharmacovigilance in capturing and addressing ADR occurrences. Strategies to improve ADR reporting and enhance medication safety protocols are warranted to optimize patient care. Conclusion: Our study provides valuable insights into the prevalence, patterns, and characteristics of ADRs, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and reporting to promote patient safety and improve healthcare outcomes. https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/649

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 12 1 2024 04 15 9 16 EN Nazila Yousefi Department of Pharmacoeconomics and pharma management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hesam Noqani School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ghader Mohammadnezhad School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. MohammadJavad Foroughi School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farzad Peiravian Department of Pharmacoeconomics and pharma management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2024 02 02 2024 02 28 The cosmetics business is one of the most profitable and advanced global trade sectors, and academic and industrial investments have expanded to provide high-quality products to the right consumers. Thus, this cross-sectional survey assessed Iranian pharmacists and pharmacy technicians' cosmetic product knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Methods: Demographics were the first questionnaire section after eligibility and consent. Ten questions test knowledge in the second phase. The third portion has nine pharmacist cosmetic product attitudes questions. We used five-point Likert spectrum scaling. The final component of the questionnaire includes a pharmacist practice checklist. This fulfilled 12 pharmacists' obligations. PT demographics, knowledge, and attitude were measured using an eight-, five-, and eight-item questionnaire. A cosmetic sales checklist with eight practice items was devised to evaluate PTs. Pharmacists and PTs were evaluated for scientific advice on exfoliating lotion and anti-stain sunscreen use, skin type, history, and brand presentation. Using a 95% confidence interval, binary logistic regression found significant relationships between categorical dependent and independent variables. Pearson correlation measured knowledge-performance linearity. Results: The study included 325 pharmacists and 324 PTs. The average knowledge score for pharmacists was 6.38 ± 1.95, while their practice score was 6.35 ± 1.92 out of 10. The overall knowledge score for PTs was 2.8 ± 0.92 out of 5. Results indicate a strong association between pharmacist and PT knowledge and cosmeceutical performance (r= +0.635 and +0.564, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study indicates a strong correlation between knowledge and performance in community pharmacists and PTs. https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/641

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 12 1 2024 04 15 17 23 EN Prerana Kadam Department of Pharmacology, BJGMC, Pune, India. Smita Tiwari Department of Pharmacology, BJGMC, Pune, India Bharti Daswani Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Satara, India Kartiki Aher Department of Pharmacology, BJGMC, Pune, India 2023 12 27 2024 02 17 Background: Rational utilization of parenteral iron with meticulous calculated doses will promote appropriate utilization of healthcare resources. The aim is to study utilization of intravenous Iron Sucrose at patient level and hospital level.  Methods: This prospective-observational study was conducted over 6 months. Case-records of 125 indoor patients were reviewed for intravenous (IV) Iron Sucrose prescription and patient details and treatment details for patients were procured.  Results: 125 patient records were divided in (Antenatal care and Non Antenatal care) ANC and Non ANC groups; and their Mean age was 36(S.D ± 16) years. IV Iron Sucrose was prescribed the most in anemic pregnant patients 41(32.8%) followed by severely debilitated patients on other injectable drugs 37(6%). The Total administered dose was more than the Standard calculated dose in an alarming 84(67.2%) of the patients. Utilisation of IV iron sucrose in Defined Daily Dose per 100 bed days (DDD/100 bed days) was found to be 0.42 in total patients whereas it was 0.59 in ANC and 0.36 in Non ANC groups. Conclusion: This research highlighted that overutilization and administering more than the required dose of IV iron sucrose, could be effectively tackled by calculation of its standard dose by Ganzoni’s formula. Studying the monthly trends and comparing utilization of parenteral iron with the help of DDD/100 bed days by hospitals can help in comparing utilization and also assist for budgetary preparedness of hospitals. There is also a dire need to formulate universally accepted guidelines for the use of parenteral iron in general adult population. https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/631

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 12 1 2024 04 15 24 31 Vrushali Aringale M.D Pharmacology Bharti Daswani Department of Pharmacology, BJ Govt Medical College, Pune, India. Madeline Fernandes Department of Pharmacology, BJ Govt Medical College, Pune, India. 2024 01 01 2024 03 16 Background: Tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6 (IL-6), was recommended for treatment of Covid-19 patients with a risk of cytokine storm but showed variable effect on outcome. The aim was to assess the association of outcome following tocilizumab administration with various physiological, pathological and pharmacological factor in Covid- 19 patients. Methods: Retrospective observational study from June 2020 to July 2020. All indoor Covid positive patients who received tocilizumab were included and relevant information was captured in the case record form. Data was analyzed to the study association of various physiological factors, comorbidities, severity of disease, laboratory parameters and co-administered drugs with the outcome following tocilizumab administration. Results: Total 25 patients received tocilizumab during study period. Older age group (p=0.001), high NEWS score, hypertension (OR: 3.62; p=0.05) and hydroxychloroquine(HCQ) administration (OP=6.66; p=0.009) showed significant association with a worst outcome. Hypertension and hydroxychloroquine usage was analyzed after adjustment with NEWS score using MH adjusted analysis, which revealed a trend of worst outcome in HCQ recipients but the association was not significant with hypertension. High pre-treatment IL-6 (death 570.11+498.76; discharge110.31+ 49.68; p: 0.0011); high post-treatment ferritin level (death 1756.5+ 1622.03; discharge 711.71+ 421.23; p: 0.019) as well as post-tocilizumab rise in ferritin level was associated with worst outcome (p= 0.029). Conclusion: Participants having higher cytokine level/or high NEWS score were unlikely to benefit from tocilizumab. Increased in ferritin level even after tocilizumab appeared to be an indicator of failure of treatment. https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/632

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 12 1 2024 04 15 32 39 EN Sarah Mousavi Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Mohammadreza Zare Bidaki 2School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Naghmeh Yazdi Department of Persian Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Vahid Tafazoli 3Department of Persian Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Masoud Sadeghi Dinani 4Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2024 04 15 2024 04 15 Background: Migraine is the second most common cause of headache, various methods have been mentioned for the treatment of migraine, including herbal medicine. Iaraj Fiqra is a combination of Aloe, saffron, cinnamon, mustalci, balsam incense and asaroon and claim to be effective in migraine. The present study aims to compare the effect of Iaraj Fiqra and placebo tablets on migraine headache. Methods: In this randomized, controlled trial, patients with migraine (based on the International Headache Society definition) received Iaraj Fiqra (500mg/daily) or placebo tablets for two months. Headache characteristics were measured using the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) and Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6). Results: Iaraj Fiqra reduced significantly the frequency (P=0.007), the severity (P=0.000) and the duration (P=0.000) of attacks compared to placebo. MIDAS and HIT-6 scores were significantly reduced in the drug group other than the placebo group (P=0.014 and P=0.000 respectively). Analgesic use also reduced. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in term of side effects (P=0.23). Conclusion: This study showed that Iaraj Fiqra had significant effects on reducing headache characteristics and analgesic use and given its limited side effects, it is recommended for the treatment of migraine. https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/682 https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/download/682/374

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 12 1 2024 04 15 40 46 Minal Jain BJGMC, Pune Rajesh Hiray Professor and H.O.D, Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baramati-413133. 2024 01 09 2024 04 03 Background: Globally, with the increasing orthopaedic admissions, the management modalities have also been evolving. With the focus mainly on reducing hospital stay and improving quality of life, pharmacotherapy is a keystone in management. Thus, the present study was undertaken to assess the drug utilization in orthopaedic inpatients. Methods: This is a cross sectional, observational study. Data was collected from prescriptions of 200 patients admitted in the Orthopaedic ward and evaluated for WHO Drug Use Indicators and potential drug-drug interactions (pDDI) and prescription pattern was noted. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) were noted and assessed. Results: A total of 2046 drugs were prescribed in 200 prescriptions. Average number of drugs per prescription is 10.23. Antimicrobials (25.76%) was the most common class of drug prescribed followed by supplements (20.28%) and analgesics (16.13%). 79.42% drugs were prescribed by generic name, 82.06% were from the NLEM and 99.9% drugs were from hospital pharmacy. Antibiotics prescribed were as per WHO AWaRe guidelines. ADR noted in 4 patients with drug being discontinued in one case. pDDI were seen in 98% prescriptions with 95.8% being Pharmacokinetic interactions. Conclusion: Current study provides insight into the drug utilisation pattern, highlighting the extensive use of antibiotics and analgesics in orthopaedic inpatients. Adherence to WHO guidelines helps reduce antibiotic resistance and promotes better patient care. https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/635

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 12 1 2024 04 15 47 54 Prashant Mishra Armed Forces Medical College Pune 2024 01 09 2024 02 20 For safe and effective therapy of respiratory disorders in children, delivering the medication at the site of disease i.e. directly into the respiratory tract via aerosolized medication is critical. But, the anatomical and physiological differences in the respiratory tract of infants/children and adults make the delivery of aerosolized medication complicated. This review article will give an overview of the delivery of inhaled medication in children and discuss the pharmacological and specific clinically relevant aspects of medication delivery using nebulizers, pressurized metered dose inhalers (MDIs), and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) in children. https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/636

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 12 1 2024 04 15 229 233 Nelisa Paidamwoyo Ganga Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown Johannesburg, South Africa. 2022 08 03 2022 10 22 Polypharmacy is a growing public health problem which is affecting multitudes worldwide. This emerging public health problem is defined as the routine use of five or more medicines by an individual patient. Many researchers believe that the prevalence of polypharmacy is going to keep increasing since more people are being diagnosed with chronic diseases. Polypharmacy is known to cause many problems such as adverse drug reactions, drug to drug interactions, wastage of resources and increased treatment costs. Countries should raise awareness of polypharmacy and find solutions to this problem. Healthcare professionals should be educated on the dangers of polypharmacy, medication safety and polypharmacy management. Polypharmacy management means a whole systems approach which avoids the use of unnecessary medication for multimorbid patients while maximizing pharmaceutical care. There is ongoing research to investigate polypharmacy because very little is known in the existing literature. This article describes polypharmacy in detail, including the prevalence of polypharmacy, the economic impact of polypharmacy, medication safety and polypharmacy management. This article aims to give a much deeper insight into polypharmacy. https://jpc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jpc/article/view/514

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2322-4630 10 4 2022 12 31 234 236 Ali Soochi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Ramin Abrishami Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran.Iran AND Research Center for Trauma in Police Operations, Directorate of Health, Rescue & Treatment, Police Headquarter, Tehran, Iran Amir Nouroozi Iran Armed Forces Health Insurance Organization, Tehran, Iran. Dariush Taleei Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran Iran. 2022 07 13 2022 10 22 Background: Many medications are unlicensed for use in toddlers and many drugs are prescribed as off-label in this age group. Different studies showed high prevalence