Plant-Derived Metabolites as Potent Inhibitor and Treatment for COVID-19
-
Roghaieh Holghoomi
,
Arash Abdolmaleki
,
Asadollah Asadi
,
Mahan Kajkolah
,
Krishnamoorthy Gurushankar
,
Mahmoud Bidarlord
Abstract
Pandemic disease, COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is potentially fatal for vulnerable individuals, generated global panic. Medicinal phytochemicals have a lengthy history of being used to treat a wide range of pathogens and diseases. The utilization of natural plant products will be the subject of this review, based on the results of previous researches in preventing the infection of COVID-19. In this review, all data sources including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were searched for publications with no particular time restriction to get a holistic and comprehensive view of the research. It was seen that plants natural products like Polyphenols, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Coumarins and essential oils were able to inhibit main targets in the virus life cycle such as main protease (Mpro), SARS CoV 2 helicase Nsp13 and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE2). It has been established that natural plant derivatives can be utilized for treating and prevent SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses by inhibiting several prominent viral portions. However, it is imperative to emphasize on standardization and control the quality of medicinal plants-based products in future studies and there should be further properly investigations of these products in order to clinical usage against COVID-19 infection.
1. Ibrahim FM, Holik HA, Achmad A. In-silico studies of amentoflavone and its derivatives against sars-cov-2. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry 2021;14(3):1469-1481.
2. Karimian A, Talaei S, Abdolmaleki A, Asadi A, Akram M, A. Ghanimi H. The Impact of New Coronavirus on Cancer Patients. J Pharm Care 2021;9(4):209-226.
3. Hagar M, Ahmed HA, Aljohani G, Alhaddad OA. Investigation of Some Antiviral N-Heterocycles as COVID 19 Drug: Molecular Docking and DFT Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21(11):3922.
4. Chandel V, Raj S, Rathi B, Kumar D. In silico identification of potent FDA approved drugs against Coronavirus COVID-19 main protease: A drug repurposing approach. Chemical Biology Letters 2020;7(3):166-175.
5. Rivero-Segura NA, Gomez-Verjan JC. In Silico Screening of Natural Products Isolated from Mexican Herbal Medicines against COVID-19. Biomolecules 2021;11(2):216.
6. Abdolmaleki A, Akram M, Muddasar Saeed M, Asadi A, Kajkolah M. Herbal Medicine as Neuroprotective Potential Agent in Human and Animal Models: A Historical Overview. J Pharm Care 2020;8(2):75-82.
7. Ahmad SR. Medicinal Plants – Derived Natural Products and Phytochemical Extract as Potential Therapies for Coronavirus : Future Perspective. Biomed Pharmacol J 2021;14(2): 771-92.
8. Ibrahim MAA, Abdeljawaad KAA, Abdelrahman AHM, Hegazy MF. Natural-like products as potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors: in-silico drug discovery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021;39(15):5722-5734.
9. Nogrady B. Mounting evidence suggests Sputnik COVID vaccine is safe and effective. Nature 2021;595(7867):339-340.
10. Mallapaty S. India's DNA COVID vaccine is a world first - more are coming. Nature 2021;597(7875):161-162.
11. Aschwanden C. Five reasons why COVID herd immunity is probably impossible. Nature 2021;591(7851):520-522.
12. Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;55(3):105924.
13. Morse JS, Lalonde T, Xu S, Liu W. Learning from the Past: Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by 2019-nCoV. Chembiochem 2020;21(5):730-738.
14. Lu H. Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Biosci Trends 2020;14(1):69-71.
15. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res 2020;30(3):269-271.
16. Kumar V, Dhanjal JK, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R, Sundar D. Withanone and caffeic acid phenethyl ester are predicted to interact with main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit its activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021;39(11):3842-3854.
17. Asiedu SO, Kwofie SK, Broni E, Wilson MD. Computational Identification of Potential Anti-Inflammatory Natural Compounds Targeting the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK): Implications for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Storm. Biomolecules 2021;11(5):653.
18. Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y, Zhong N, Slutsky AS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med 2020;46(4):586-590.
19. Xiu S, Dick A, Ju H, et al. Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Entry: Current and Future Opportunities. J Med Chem 2020;63(21):12256-12274.
20. Verma D, Mitra D, Paul M, et al. Potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19) proteases PLpro and Mpro/ 3CLpro: molecular docking and simulation studies of three pertinent medicinal plant natural components. Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov 2021;2:100038.
21. Iheagwam FN, Rotimi SO. Computer-Aided Analysis of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic Targets: Identification of Potent Molecules from African Medicinal Plants. Scientifica (Cairo) 2020;2020:1878410.
22. Naithani R, Huma LC, Holland LE, et al. Antiviral activity of phytochemicals: a comprehensive review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2008;8(11):1106-33.
23. Amin SA, Banerjee S, Ghosh K, Gayen S, Jha T. Protease targeted COVID-19 drug discovery and its challenges: Insight into viral main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021;29:115860.
24. Li D, Luan J, Zhang L. Molecular docking of potential SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021;538:72-79.
25. Kabir MT, Uddin MS, Hossain MF, et al. nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020;8:616.
26. Chikhale RV, Sinha SK, Khanal P, et al. Computational and network pharmacology studies of Phyllanthus emblica to tackle SARS-CoV-2. Phytomed Plus 2021;1(3):100095.
27. Ernawati T, Angelina M, Triana Dewi R, Fajriah S. Investigation of the potential covid-19 inhibitor from Cassia alata and Dendrophthoe petandra using computational approach. 2021 IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 1011 012017
28. Tachoua W, Kabrine M, Mushtaq M, Ul-Haq Z. An in-silico evaluation of COVID-19 main protease with clinically approved drugs. J Mol Graph Model 2020;101:107758.
29. Islam SS, Midya S, Sinha S, Saadi SMAI. Natural medicinal plant products as an immune-boosters: A possible role to lessen the impact of Covid-19. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2021;4:100105.
30. Shu T, Huang M, Wu D, et al. SARS-Coronavirus-2 Nsp13 Possesses NTPase and RNA Helicase Activities That Can Be Inhibited by Bismuth Salts. Virol Sin 2020;35(3):321-329.
31. Vivek-Ananth RP, Krishnaswamy S, Samal A. Potential phytochemical inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 helicase Nsp13: a molecular docking and dynamic simulation study. Mol Divers 2022;26(1):429-442.
32. Pandey P, Rane JS, Chatterjee A, et al. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of COVID-19 with naturally occurring phytochemicals: an in silico study for drug development. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021;39(16):6306-6316.
33. Liu S, Xiao G, Chen Y, et al. Interaction between heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions in spike protein of SARS-associated coronavirus: implications for virus fusogenic mechanism and identification of fusion inhibitors. Lancet 2004;363(9413):938-47.
34. Majeed A, Hussain W, Yasmin F, Akhtar A, Rasool N. Virtual Screening of Phytochemicals by Targeting HR1 Domain of SARS-CoV-2 S Protein: Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and DFT Studies. Biomed Res Int 2021;2021:6661191.
35. Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci 2016;5:e47.
36. Harborne JB, Marby H, Marby T. The flavonoids. 2013: Springer.
37. Kumar S, Pandey AK. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. ScientificWorld Journal 2013;2013:162750.
38. Júnior M , de Sousa Junior R , Nze G , Giozza W, Júnior L. Evaluation of Peppermint Leaf Flavonoids as SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Attachment Inhibitors to the Human ACE2 Receptor: A Molecular Docking Study. Open Journal of Biophysics 2022; 12:132-152.
39. Ngwa W, Kumar R, Thompson D, Lyerly W, Moore R, Reid TE, Lowe H, Toyang N. Potential of Flavonoid-Inspired Phytomedicines against COVID-19. Molecules 2020;25(11):2707.
40. Pandey P, Fahad K, Ansh Kumar R, et al., A drug repurposing approach towards elucidating the potential of flavonoids as COVID-19 spike protein inhibitors. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2021; 11(1):8482-8501.
41. Benarba B, Pandiella A. Medicinal Plants as Sources of Active Molecules Against COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2020;11:1189.
2. Karimian A, Talaei S, Abdolmaleki A, Asadi A, Akram M, A. Ghanimi H. The Impact of New Coronavirus on Cancer Patients. J Pharm Care 2021;9(4):209-226.
3. Hagar M, Ahmed HA, Aljohani G, Alhaddad OA. Investigation of Some Antiviral N-Heterocycles as COVID 19 Drug: Molecular Docking and DFT Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21(11):3922.
4. Chandel V, Raj S, Rathi B, Kumar D. In silico identification of potent FDA approved drugs against Coronavirus COVID-19 main protease: A drug repurposing approach. Chemical Biology Letters 2020;7(3):166-175.
5. Rivero-Segura NA, Gomez-Verjan JC. In Silico Screening of Natural Products Isolated from Mexican Herbal Medicines against COVID-19. Biomolecules 2021;11(2):216.
6. Abdolmaleki A, Akram M, Muddasar Saeed M, Asadi A, Kajkolah M. Herbal Medicine as Neuroprotective Potential Agent in Human and Animal Models: A Historical Overview. J Pharm Care 2020;8(2):75-82.
7. Ahmad SR. Medicinal Plants – Derived Natural Products and Phytochemical Extract as Potential Therapies for Coronavirus : Future Perspective. Biomed Pharmacol J 2021;14(2): 771-92.
8. Ibrahim MAA, Abdeljawaad KAA, Abdelrahman AHM, Hegazy MF. Natural-like products as potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors: in-silico drug discovery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021;39(15):5722-5734.
9. Nogrady B. Mounting evidence suggests Sputnik COVID vaccine is safe and effective. Nature 2021;595(7867):339-340.
10. Mallapaty S. India's DNA COVID vaccine is a world first - more are coming. Nature 2021;597(7875):161-162.
11. Aschwanden C. Five reasons why COVID herd immunity is probably impossible. Nature 2021;591(7851):520-522.
12. Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;55(3):105924.
13. Morse JS, Lalonde T, Xu S, Liu W. Learning from the Past: Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by 2019-nCoV. Chembiochem 2020;21(5):730-738.
14. Lu H. Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Biosci Trends 2020;14(1):69-71.
15. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res 2020;30(3):269-271.
16. Kumar V, Dhanjal JK, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R, Sundar D. Withanone and caffeic acid phenethyl ester are predicted to interact with main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit its activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021;39(11):3842-3854.
17. Asiedu SO, Kwofie SK, Broni E, Wilson MD. Computational Identification of Potential Anti-Inflammatory Natural Compounds Targeting the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK): Implications for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Storm. Biomolecules 2021;11(5):653.
18. Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y, Zhong N, Slutsky AS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med 2020;46(4):586-590.
19. Xiu S, Dick A, Ju H, et al. Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Entry: Current and Future Opportunities. J Med Chem 2020;63(21):12256-12274.
20. Verma D, Mitra D, Paul M, et al. Potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19) proteases PLpro and Mpro/ 3CLpro: molecular docking and simulation studies of three pertinent medicinal plant natural components. Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov 2021;2:100038.
21. Iheagwam FN, Rotimi SO. Computer-Aided Analysis of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic Targets: Identification of Potent Molecules from African Medicinal Plants. Scientifica (Cairo) 2020;2020:1878410.
22. Naithani R, Huma LC, Holland LE, et al. Antiviral activity of phytochemicals: a comprehensive review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2008;8(11):1106-33.
23. Amin SA, Banerjee S, Ghosh K, Gayen S, Jha T. Protease targeted COVID-19 drug discovery and its challenges: Insight into viral main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021;29:115860.
24. Li D, Luan J, Zhang L. Molecular docking of potential SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021;538:72-79.
25. Kabir MT, Uddin MS, Hossain MF, et al. nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020;8:616.
26. Chikhale RV, Sinha SK, Khanal P, et al. Computational and network pharmacology studies of Phyllanthus emblica to tackle SARS-CoV-2. Phytomed Plus 2021;1(3):100095.
27. Ernawati T, Angelina M, Triana Dewi R, Fajriah S. Investigation of the potential covid-19 inhibitor from Cassia alata and Dendrophthoe petandra using computational approach. 2021 IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 1011 012017
28. Tachoua W, Kabrine M, Mushtaq M, Ul-Haq Z. An in-silico evaluation of COVID-19 main protease with clinically approved drugs. J Mol Graph Model 2020;101:107758.
29. Islam SS, Midya S, Sinha S, Saadi SMAI. Natural medicinal plant products as an immune-boosters: A possible role to lessen the impact of Covid-19. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2021;4:100105.
30. Shu T, Huang M, Wu D, et al. SARS-Coronavirus-2 Nsp13 Possesses NTPase and RNA Helicase Activities That Can Be Inhibited by Bismuth Salts. Virol Sin 2020;35(3):321-329.
31. Vivek-Ananth RP, Krishnaswamy S, Samal A. Potential phytochemical inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 helicase Nsp13: a molecular docking and dynamic simulation study. Mol Divers 2022;26(1):429-442.
32. Pandey P, Rane JS, Chatterjee A, et al. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of COVID-19 with naturally occurring phytochemicals: an in silico study for drug development. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021;39(16):6306-6316.
33. Liu S, Xiao G, Chen Y, et al. Interaction between heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions in spike protein of SARS-associated coronavirus: implications for virus fusogenic mechanism and identification of fusion inhibitors. Lancet 2004;363(9413):938-47.
34. Majeed A, Hussain W, Yasmin F, Akhtar A, Rasool N. Virtual Screening of Phytochemicals by Targeting HR1 Domain of SARS-CoV-2 S Protein: Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and DFT Studies. Biomed Res Int 2021;2021:6661191.
35. Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci 2016;5:e47.
36. Harborne JB, Marby H, Marby T. The flavonoids. 2013: Springer.
37. Kumar S, Pandey AK. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. ScientificWorld Journal 2013;2013:162750.
38. Júnior M , de Sousa Junior R , Nze G , Giozza W, Júnior L. Evaluation of Peppermint Leaf Flavonoids as SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Attachment Inhibitors to the Human ACE2 Receptor: A Molecular Docking Study. Open Journal of Biophysics 2022; 12:132-152.
39. Ngwa W, Kumar R, Thompson D, Lyerly W, Moore R, Reid TE, Lowe H, Toyang N. Potential of Flavonoid-Inspired Phytomedicines against COVID-19. Molecules 2020;25(11):2707.
40. Pandey P, Fahad K, Ansh Kumar R, et al., A drug repurposing approach towards elucidating the potential of flavonoids as COVID-19 spike protein inhibitors. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2021; 11(1):8482-8501.
41. Benarba B, Pandiella A. Medicinal Plants as Sources of Active Molecules Against COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2020;11:1189.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10, No 2 (Spring 2022) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jpc.v10i2.9981 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Coronavirus Biological Products Phytotherapy | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Holghoomi R, Abdolmaleki A, Asadi A, Kajkolah M, Gurushankar K, Bidarlord M. Plant-Derived Metabolites as Potent Inhibitor and Treatment for COVID-19. J Pharm Care. 2022;10(2):84-93.
