Herbal Remedies Effective on Treating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
,
Abstract
Through a multi-level and multi-target treatment approach, herbal medicines, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), have been identified as revolutionary medical treatment for IPF. Due to their natural properties, herbal medicines have shown to possess low adverse effects, stable therapeutic impact, and no obvious drug dependencies. Herbal medicines have also shown anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, which make them a promising therapeutic target for IPF. A growing number of formulas, herbal components, and various forms of Chinese herbal medicine extracts are available for IPF patients in China. This review summaries the role of herbal medicines in the prevention and treatment of IPF.
Reference
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2. Choi W, Dauti S, Kim HJ, Park SH, Park JS, Lee CW. Risk factors for interstitial lung disease: A 9-year Nationwide population-based study. BMC Pulm Med 2018;18:96.
3. Thierry F, Handel I, Hammond G, King LG, Corcoran BM, Schwarz T. Further characterization of computed tomographic and clinical features for staging and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland whiteterriers.Vet Radiol Ultrasound.2017;58:381-388.
4. Suri GS, Kaur G, Jha CK, Tiwari M. Understanding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-Clinical features, molecular mechanism and therapies. Exp Gerontol. 2021;153:111473.
5. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network; Raghu G, Anstrom KJ, King TE, Jr Lasky JA, Martinez FJ. Prednisone, Azathioprine, and N-Acetylcysteine for Pulmonary Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2012:366:1968-77.
6. Noth I, Anstrom K, Calvert SB, et al. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network (IPFnet). A placebo-controlled randomized trial of warfarin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186:88-95.
7. Ley B, Collard HR. Epidemiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clin Epidemiol.2013;5: 483–92.
8. Xaubet A, Ancochea J, Molina-Molina M. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Med Clin. 2017;148:170–5.
9. King Jr TE, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S, et al. A phase3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2083-92.
10. Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Nintedanib in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2071-82.
11. Guo J, Li B, Wu W, Wang Z, Wang F, Guo T. Chinese Herbal Medicines Compared with N- Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Evid Based Complement Altern Med.2019;2019:5170638.
12. De Almeida Andrade F, Schlechta Portella CF. Research methods in complementary and alternative medicine: An integrative review. J Integr Med. 2018;16: 6–13.
13. Wu X, Li W, Luo Z, Chen Y. The molecular mechanism of Ligusticum wallichii for improving idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A network pharmacology and molecular docking study. Medicine. 2022;101:e28787.
14. Zhang Y, Lu P, Qin H, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine combined with pulmonary drug delivery system and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Rationale and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother.2021;133:111072.
15. Zhang Y, Gu L, Xia Q, Tian L, Qi J, Cao M. Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:415.
16. Coward RW, Saini G, Jenkins G. The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Adv Respir Dis. 2010;4:367–88.
17. Serrano-Mollar A. Alveolar epithelial cell injury as an etiopathogenic factor in pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2012;48 (Suppl S2):2–6.
18. Seibold MA, Wise AL, Speer MC, et al. A common MUC5B promoter polymorphism and pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1503-12.
19. Raghu G. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Increased survival with “gastroesophageal reflux therapy”: Fact or fallacy? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184:1330-2.
20. Fischer A., du Bois R. Interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disorders. Lancet. 2012;380:689-98.
21. Kim EJ, Elicker BM, Maldonado F, et al. Usual interstitial pneumonia in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J. 2010;35:1322-8.
22. Omote N, Taniguchi H, Kondoh Y, et al. Lung-Dominant Connective Tissue Disease: Clinical, Radiologic, and Histologic Features. Chest. 2015;148:1438-46.
23. López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell. 2013;153:1194–1217.
24. Torres-González E, Bueno M, Tanaka A, et al. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in age-related susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2012;46:748–56.
25. Cottin V. Current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Europe: The AIR survey. Eur Respir Rev. 2014;23:225.
26. Ryerson CJ, Cottin V, Brown KK, Collard H.R. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Shifting the paradigm. Eur Respir J. 2015;46:512.
27. Scholand MB, Wolff R, Crossno PF, et al. Severity of cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is associated with MUC5 B genotype. Cough. 2014;10:3.
28. Sellarés J, Hernández-González F, Lucena CM, et al. Auscultation of velcro crackles is associated with usual interstitial pneumonia. Medicine. 2016; 95:e2573.
29. Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y, et al. An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline: Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An Update of the 2011Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2015;192:e3-e19.
30. Richeldi L, Cottin V, du Bois RM, et al. Nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Combined evidence from the TOMORROW and INPULSIS(®)trials. Respir Med.2016;113:74–79.
31. Noble PW, Albera C, Bradford WZ, et al. Pirfenidone for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Analysis of pooled data from three multinational phase 3 trials. Eur Respir J. 2016; 47;243-53.
32. Kistler KD, Nalysnyk L, Rotella P, Esser D. Lung transplantation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A systematic review of the literature. BMC Pulm Med. 2014;14:139.
33. Holland A, Hill C. Physical training for interstitial lung disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;4:CD006322.
34. Vainshelboim B, Fox BD, Oliveira J, Kramer M R. Exercise training in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2016;10:69–77.
35. Khiveh A, Hashempur M.H, Shakiba M, et al. Effects of rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) syrup on dysenteric diarrhea in children: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Integr Med. 2017;15:365–72.
36. Daneshfard B, Sanaye MR, Nimrouzi M. Prolegomena to a True Integrative Medical Paradigm. Altern Health Med. 2019;25:AT5662.
37. Afrasiabian F, Ardakani MM, Rahmani K, et al. Aloysia citriodoraPalau (lemonverbena) for insomnia patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of efficacy and safety. Phytother Res. 2019;33:350–9.
38. Wu X, Li W, Luo Z, Chen Y. Meta-Analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of ligustrazine in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:2416132.
39. Huang H, Peng X, Zhong C. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: The current status of its epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment in China. Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2013;2:88–93.
40. Shao R, Wang F, Lyu M, Yang J, Zhang P, Zhu Y. Ability to suppress TGF-β-activated myofibroblast differentiation distinguishes the anti-pulmonary fibrosis efficacy of two danshen- containing chinese herbal medicine prescriptions. Front Pharmacol. 2019; 10:412.
41. Yu X, Zhang Y, Yang X, et al. The Influence of BuqiHuoxueTongluo Formula on Histopathology and Pulmonary Function Test in Bleomycin-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2018;2018:8903021.
42. Yamazaki R, Kasuya Y, Fujita T, et al. Antifibrotic effects of cyclosporine A on TGF-β1-treated lung fibroblasts and lungs from bleomycin-treated mice: Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. FASEB J. 2017, 31, 3359–3371.
43. Guo S, Song Y, Feng J, et al. Effects of Qizhukangxian granules on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A randomized, double blind, placebo- controlled and multicenter clinical pilot trial. J Tradit Chin Med. 2020;40:674–82.
44. Li R, Chen X, Xu,Y, Feng F, He H, Zhou X. Inhibitory effects of alkaline extract from the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco on collagen behavior in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;269:113761.
45. Guo Z, Li S, Zhang N, Kang Q, Zhai H. Schisandra Inhibit Bleomycin-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats via Suppressing M2 Macrophage Polarization. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:5137349.
46. Ballinger MN, Newstead MW, Zeng X, et al. IRAK-M promotes alternative macrophage activation and fibroproliferation in bleomycin-induced lung injury. J Immunol.2015;194:1894–1904
47. Jiménez-García L, Higueras MA, Herranz S, et al. A hispanolonederived diterpenoid inhibits M2-Macrophage polarization in vitro via JAK/STAT and attenuates chitin induced inflammation in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018;154:373–83.
48. Zhang L, Wang Y, Wu G, Xiong W, Gu W, Wang C. Macrophages: Friend or foe in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Respir Res. 2018;19:170.
49. Zhang Q, Gan C, Liu H, et al. Cryptotanshinone reverses the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation process and attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Phytother Res. 2020;34:2685–96.
50. He H, Tang H, Gao L, et al. Tanshinone IIA attenuates bleomycin- induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Mol Med Rep. 2015;11:4190–6.
51. Chen H, Chen Q, Jiang C, et al. Triptolide suppresses paraquat induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGFB1- dependent epithelial mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Lett. 2018;284:1–9.
52. Wang D, Gong L, Li Z, et al. Antifibrotic effect of Gancao Ganjiang decoction is mediated by PD-1/TGF-β1/IL-17A pathway in bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;281:114522.
53. Tian S, Cao WF, Zhang Y, Wu Q. Effects of Yiqi Huayu Hutan decoction on pulmonary fibrosis in rats and its mechanism. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2019;35:101-6.
54. Zhang X, Cai Y, Zhang W, Chen X. Quercetin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting SphK1/S1P signaling. Biochem Cell Biol. 2018;96:742–51.
55. Veith C, Drent M, Bast A, van Schooten FJ, Boots AW. The disturbed redox-balance in pulmonary fibrosis is modulated by the plant flavonoid quercetin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2017;336:40–8.
56. Lee SY, Park S, Lee G, Kim H, Kwon J, Kim MJ, Yoon H.Aucuparin Suppresses Bleomycin- Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Via Anti-Inflammatory Activity. J Med Food. 2021; 24:151–160.
57. Sun SC, Han R, Hou S, Yi H, Chi S, Zhang A. Juglanin alleviates bleomycin-induced lung injury by suppressing inflammation and fibrosis via targeting sting signaling. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;127:110119.
58. Qu Y, Zhang G, Ji Y, Zhua H, Lv C, Jiang W. Protective role of gambogic acid in experimental pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine. 2016;23:350–8.
59. Li L, Hou X, Xu R, Liu C, Tu M. Research review on the pharmacological effects of astragaloside IV. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2017;31:17–36.
60. Qian W, Cai X, Qian Q, ZhangW, Wang D. Astragaloside IV modulates TGF-β1-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med. 2018;22:4354–65.
61. Li LC, Xu L, Hu Y, et al. Astragaloside IV Improves Bleomycin- Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats by Attenuating Extracellular Matrix Deposition. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8: 513.
62. Liu Q, Chu H, MaY, et al. Salvianolic Acid B Attenuates Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis through Inhibition of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27610.
1. Harari S, Raghu G, Caminati A, Cruciani M, Franchini M, Mannucci P. Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases and air pollution: A systematic literature review. Eur Respir Rev. 2020;9:200093.
2. Choi W, Dauti S, Kim HJ, Park SH, Park JS, Lee CW. Risk factors for interstitial lung disease: A 9-year Nationwide population-based study. BMC Pulm Med 2018;18:96.
3. Thierry F, Handel I, Hammond G, King LG, Corcoran BM, Schwarz T. Further characterization of computed tomographic and clinical features for staging and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland whiteterriers.Vet Radiol Ultrasound.2017;58:381-388.
4. Suri GS, Kaur G, Jha CK, Tiwari M. Understanding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-Clinical features, molecular mechanism and therapies. Exp Gerontol. 2021;153:111473.
5. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network; Raghu G, Anstrom KJ, King TE, Jr Lasky JA, Martinez FJ. Prednisone, Azathioprine, and N-Acetylcysteine for Pulmonary Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2012:366:1968-77.
6. Noth I, Anstrom K, Calvert SB, et al. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network (IPFnet). A placebo-controlled randomized trial of warfarin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186:88-95.
7. Ley B, Collard HR. Epidemiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clin Epidemiol.2013;5: 483–92.
8. Xaubet A, Ancochea J, Molina-Molina M. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Med Clin. 2017;148:170–5.
9. King Jr TE, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S, et al. A phase3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2083-92.
10. Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Nintedanib in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2071-82.
11. Guo J, Li B, Wu W, Wang Z, Wang F, Guo T. Chinese Herbal Medicines Compared with N- Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Evid Based Complement Altern Med.2019;2019:5170638.
12. De Almeida Andrade F, Schlechta Portella CF. Research methods in complementary and alternative medicine: An integrative review. J Integr Med. 2018;16: 6–13.
13. Wu X, Li W, Luo Z, Chen Y. The molecular mechanism of Ligusticum wallichii for improving idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A network pharmacology and molecular docking study. Medicine. 2022;101:e28787.
14. Zhang Y, Lu P, Qin H, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine combined with pulmonary drug delivery system and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Rationale and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother.2021;133:111072.
15. Zhang Y, Gu L, Xia Q, Tian L, Qi J, Cao M. Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:415.
16. Coward RW, Saini G, Jenkins G. The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Adv Respir Dis. 2010;4:367–88.
17. Serrano-Mollar A. Alveolar epithelial cell injury as an etiopathogenic factor in pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2012;48 (Suppl S2):2–6.
18. Seibold MA, Wise AL, Speer MC, et al. A common MUC5B promoter polymorphism and pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1503-12.
19. Raghu G. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Increased survival with “gastroesophageal reflux therapy”: Fact or fallacy? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184:1330-2.
20. Fischer A., du Bois R. Interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disorders. Lancet. 2012;380:689-98.
21. Kim EJ, Elicker BM, Maldonado F, et al. Usual interstitial pneumonia in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J. 2010;35:1322-8.
22. Omote N, Taniguchi H, Kondoh Y, et al. Lung-Dominant Connective Tissue Disease: Clinical, Radiologic, and Histologic Features. Chest. 2015;148:1438-46.
23. López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell. 2013;153:1194–1217.
24. Torres-González E, Bueno M, Tanaka A, et al. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in age-related susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2012;46:748–56.
25. Cottin V. Current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Europe: The AIR survey. Eur Respir Rev. 2014;23:225.
26. Ryerson CJ, Cottin V, Brown KK, Collard H.R. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Shifting the paradigm. Eur Respir J. 2015;46:512.
27. Scholand MB, Wolff R, Crossno PF, et al. Severity of cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is associated with MUC5 B genotype. Cough. 2014;10:3.
28. Sellarés J, Hernández-González F, Lucena CM, et al. Auscultation of velcro crackles is associated with usual interstitial pneumonia. Medicine. 2016; 95:e2573.
29. Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y, et al. An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline: Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An Update of the 2011Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2015;192:e3-e19.
30. Richeldi L, Cottin V, du Bois RM, et al. Nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Combined evidence from the TOMORROW and INPULSIS(®)trials. Respir Med.2016;113:74–79.
31. Noble PW, Albera C, Bradford WZ, et al. Pirfenidone for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Analysis of pooled data from three multinational phase 3 trials. Eur Respir J. 2016; 47;243-53.
32. Kistler KD, Nalysnyk L, Rotella P, Esser D. Lung transplantation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A systematic review of the literature. BMC Pulm Med. 2014;14:139.
33. Holland A, Hill C. Physical training for interstitial lung disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;4:CD006322.
34. Vainshelboim B, Fox BD, Oliveira J, Kramer M R. Exercise training in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2016;10:69–77.
35. Khiveh A, Hashempur M.H, Shakiba M, et al. Effects of rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) syrup on dysenteric diarrhea in children: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Integr Med. 2017;15:365–72.
36. Daneshfard B, Sanaye MR, Nimrouzi M. Prolegomena to a True Integrative Medical Paradigm. Altern Health Med. 2019;25:AT5662.
37. Afrasiabian F, Ardakani MM, Rahmani K, et al. Aloysia citriodoraPalau (lemonverbena) for insomnia patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of efficacy and safety. Phytother Res. 2019;33:350–9.
38. Wu X, Li W, Luo Z, Chen Y. Meta-Analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of ligustrazine in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:2416132.
39. Huang H, Peng X, Zhong C. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: The current status of its epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment in China. Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2013;2:88–93.
40. Shao R, Wang F, Lyu M, Yang J, Zhang P, Zhu Y. Ability to suppress TGF-β-activated myofibroblast differentiation distinguishes the anti-pulmonary fibrosis efficacy of two danshen- containing chinese herbal medicine prescriptions. Front Pharmacol. 2019; 10:412.
41. Yu X, Zhang Y, Yang X, et al. The Influence of BuqiHuoxueTongluo Formula on Histopathology and Pulmonary Function Test in Bleomycin-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2018;2018:8903021.
42. Yamazaki R, Kasuya Y, Fujita T, et al. Antifibrotic effects of cyclosporine A on TGF-β1-treated lung fibroblasts and lungs from bleomycin-treated mice: Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. FASEB J. 2017, 31, 3359–3371.
43. Guo S, Song Y, Feng J, et al. Effects of Qizhukangxian granules on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A randomized, double blind, placebo- controlled and multicenter clinical pilot trial. J Tradit Chin Med. 2020;40:674–82.
44. Li R, Chen X, Xu,Y, Feng F, He H, Zhou X. Inhibitory effects of alkaline extract from the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco on collagen behavior in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;269:113761.
45. Guo Z, Li S, Zhang N, Kang Q, Zhai H. Schisandra Inhibit Bleomycin-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats via Suppressing M2 Macrophage Polarization. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:5137349.
46. Ballinger MN, Newstead MW, Zeng X, et al. IRAK-M promotes alternative macrophage activation and fibroproliferation in bleomycin-induced lung injury. J Immunol.2015;194:1894–1904
47. Jiménez-García L, Higueras MA, Herranz S, et al. A hispanolonederived diterpenoid inhibits M2-Macrophage polarization in vitro via JAK/STAT and attenuates chitin induced inflammation in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018;154:373–83.
48. Zhang L, Wang Y, Wu G, Xiong W, Gu W, Wang C. Macrophages: Friend or foe in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Respir Res. 2018;19:170.
49. Zhang Q, Gan C, Liu H, et al. Cryptotanshinone reverses the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation process and attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Phytother Res. 2020;34:2685–96.
50. He H, Tang H, Gao L, et al. Tanshinone IIA attenuates bleomycin- induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Mol Med Rep. 2015;11:4190–6.
51. Chen H, Chen Q, Jiang C, et al. Triptolide suppresses paraquat induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGFB1- dependent epithelial mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Lett. 2018;284:1–9.
52. Wang D, Gong L, Li Z, et al. Antifibrotic effect of Gancao Ganjiang decoction is mediated by PD-1/TGF-β1/IL-17A pathway in bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;281:114522.
53. Tian S, Cao WF, Zhang Y, Wu Q. Effects of Yiqi Huayu Hutan decoction on pulmonary fibrosis in rats and its mechanism. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2019;35:101-6.
54. Zhang X, Cai Y, Zhang W, Chen X. Quercetin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting SphK1/S1P signaling. Biochem Cell Biol. 2018;96:742–51.
55. Veith C, Drent M, Bast A, van Schooten FJ, Boots AW. The disturbed redox-balance in pulmonary fibrosis is modulated by the plant flavonoid quercetin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2017;336:40–8.
56. Lee SY, Park S, Lee G, Kim H, Kwon J, Kim MJ, Yoon H.Aucuparin Suppresses Bleomycin- Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Via Anti-Inflammatory Activity. J Med Food. 2021; 24:151–160.
57. Sun SC, Han R, Hou S, Yi H, Chi S, Zhang A. Juglanin alleviates bleomycin-induced lung injury by suppressing inflammation and fibrosis via targeting sting signaling. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;127:110119.
58. Qu Y, Zhang G, Ji Y, Zhua H, Lv C, Jiang W. Protective role of gambogic acid in experimental pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine. 2016;23:350–8.
59. Li L, Hou X, Xu R, Liu C, Tu M. Research review on the pharmacological effects of astragaloside IV. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2017;31:17–36.
60. Qian W, Cai X, Qian Q, ZhangW, Wang D. Astragaloside IV modulates TGF-β1-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med. 2018;22:4354–65.
61. Li LC, Xu L, Hu Y, et al. Astragaloside IV Improves Bleomycin- Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats by Attenuating Extracellular Matrix Deposition. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8: 513.
62. Liu Q, Chu H, MaY, et al. Salvianolic Acid B Attenuates Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis through Inhibition of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27610.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11, No 4 (Autumn 2023) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jpc.v11i4.16021 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Herbal Remedies; Idiopathic; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Curcumin | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Chaudhary A, Shukla S, Kumar R, Barti H. Herbal Remedies Effective on Treating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Pharm Care. 2023;11(4):233-247.
