Effectiveness of Patient Medication Counseling in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract
Background: Medicine is prescribed to help the patient. But it can cause unwanted effects in the patient if one take too much or multiple medicines that don’t go together. Many patients have problems each year, some serious, because of taking the wrong medicine or not taking the right medicines correctly. This cross-sectional study was done to assess the effectiveness of patient medication counseling in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-guided study was carried out in the dispensary of a tertiary care hospital, from January to April 2024. convenient sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Results: A total of 540 respondents were included in this study. Only 50.3% of the participants knew the correct frequency and dose of the prescribed medications. Majority of the patients did not knew the indications of the medication they were taking. Conclusion: There is a need to strengthen the patient medication counselling process so that patients understand & remember what have been advised during counselling. As a healthcare provider, it is our responsibility to educate the patient about the prescribed medicines to obtain the positive healthcare and ensure safe use of medicines.
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2. Willeboordse F, Hugtenburg JG, Schellevis FG, Elders PJM. Patient participation in medication reviews is desirable but not evidence-based: a systematic literature review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;78(6):1201–16.
3. Qudah B, Thakur T, Chewning B. Factors infuencing patient participation in medication counseling at the community pharmacy: a systematic review. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2021;17(11):1863–76.
4. Yang S, Kim D, Choi HJ, Chang MJ. A comparison of patients’ and pharmacists’ satisfaction with medication counseling provided by community pharmacies: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):131.
5. Chandra A, Malcolm N, Fetters M. Practicing health promotion through pharmacy counseling activities. Health Promot Pract. 2003;4(1):64–71.
6. Svarstad BL, Bultman DC, Mount JK. Patient counseling provided in community pharmacies: efects of state regulation, pharmacist age, and busyness. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2004;44(1):22–9.
7. Ejeta F, Feyisa D, Kebede O, et al. Medication counseling practices in medicine retail outlets found in Bench Sheko Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, South West Ethiopia. Pragmatic Obs Res. 2021;12:105–17.
8. Erah PO. The challenging roles of pharmacists in hospital and community pharmacy practice in Nigeria. Trop J Pharm Res. 2003;2(2):195–6.
9. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. ASHP guidelines on pharmacist-conducted patient education and counseling. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997;54(4):431–4
10. Puspitasari HP, Aslani P, Krass I. A review of counseling practices on prescription medicines in community pharmacies. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2009;5(3):197–210
11. American Society of Consultant Pharmacists. Guidelines for pharmacist counseling of geriatric patients. 1998. https://www.ascp/com. Accessed 14 Jan 2024.
12. Puumalainen I, Halonen P, Enlund H, Johnson K, Airaksinen M. Validation of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) medication counselling behaviour guidelines. Pharm Educ. 2021;5(2):87–96.
13. Schatz R, Belloto RJ, White DB, Bachmann K. Provision of drug information to patients by pharmacists: the impact of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 a Decade Later. Am J Ther. 2003;10(2):93–103.
14. Barnes JM, Riedlinger JE, McCloskey WW, Montagne M. Barriers to compliance with OBRA ’90 regulations in community pharmacies. Ann Pharmacother. 1996;30:1101–5.
15. Sleath B. Pharmacist-patient relationships: authoritarian, participatory or default? Patient Educ Couns. 1996;28:253–63.
16. Erickson SR, Kirking DM, Sandusky M. Michigan Medicaid recipients’ perceptions of medication counseling as required by OBRA’90. J Am Pharm Assoc. 1998;38:333–8.
17. Vainio KK, Airaksinen MSA, Hyykky TT, Enlund KH. Efect of therapeutic class on counseling in community pharmacies. Ann Pharmacother. 2002;36:781–6.
18. Basheti IA, Reddel HK, Armour C, Bosnic-Anticevich SZ. Counselling about turbuhaler technique: needs assessment and efective strategies for community pharmacists. Respir Care. 2005;50:617–23.
19. Krass I. A comparison of clients’ experiences of counselling for prescriptions and over-the-counter medications in two types of pharmacies: validation of a research instrument. J Soc Admin Pharm. 1996;13:206–14.
20. Hassell K, Noyce PR, Rogers A, Harris J, Wilkinson J. Advice provided in British community pharmacies: what people want and what they get. J Health Serv Res Policy. 1998;3:219–25.
21. Dickinson D, Raynor DK. Ask the patients they may want to know more than you think. BMJ. 2003;327:861.
22. Nair K, Dolovich L, Cassels A, et al. What patients want to know about their medications: focus group study of patient and clinician perspectives. Can Fam Physician. 2002;48:104–10.
23. Zieger DK, Mosier M, Buenaver BS, Okuyemi K. How much information about adverse efects of medication do patients want from physicians. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:706–13.
24. Schommer JC, Wiederholt JB. Pharmacists’ perceptions of patients’ needs for counseling. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1994;51(4):478–85.
25. Blom L, Jonkers R, Kok G, Bakker A. Patient education in 20 Dutch community pharmacies: analysis of audiotaped patient contacts. Int J Pharm Pract. 1998;6:72–6.
26. Myers ED, Calvert EJ. Information, compliance and side efect: a study of patients on antidepressant medication. Br J Clin Pharm. 1984;17:21–5.
27. Krueger JL, Hermansen-Kobulnicky CJ. Patient perspective of medication information desired and barriers to asking pharmacists questions. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2011;51(4):510–9.
28. Arnet I, Holden M, Antoniou S. Evaluation of a prompt card for community pharmacists performing consultations with patients on anticoagulation–lessons learned. Pharm Pract Granada. 2018;16(3):1244.
29. Cannon-Breland ML, Westrick SC, Kavookjian J, Berger BA, Shannon DM, Lorenz RA. Pharmacist self-reported antidepressant medication counseling. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2013;53(4):390–9.
30. Elaro A, Shah S, Armour CL, et al. A snapshot of pharmacist attitudes and behaviors surrounding the management of pediatric asthma. J Asthma. 2015;52(9):957–68.
31. Stevenson FA, Cox K, Britten N, Dundar Y. A systematic review of the research on communication between patients and health care professionals about medicines: the consequences for concordance. Health Expect. 2004;7(3):235–45.
32. Weiss MC, Platt J, Riley R. Medication decision making and patient outcomes in GP, nurse and pharmacist prescriber consultations. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2015;16(5):513–27.
33. Boeni F, Arnet I, Hersberger KE. Adherence counseling during patient contacts in Swiss community pharmacies. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2015;9:597–605.
34. Barner JC, Bennett RW. Pharmaceutical care certifcate program: assessment of pharmacists’ implementation into practice. J Am Pharm Assoc 1996. 1999;39(3):362–7.
35. Maes KA, Ruppanner JA, Imfeld-Isenegger TL, Hersberger KE, Lampert ML, Boeni F. Dispensing of prescribed medicines in swiss community pharmacies-observed counselling activities. Pharmacy. 2019;7(1):1.
36. Aslanpour Z, Smith FJ. Oral counselling on dispensed medication: a survey of its extent and associated factors in a random sample of community pharmacies. Int J Pharm Pract. 1997;5:57–63.
37. Olsson E, Ingman P, Ahmed B, Kalvemark SS. Pharmacist-patient communication in Swedish community pharmacies. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2014;10(1):149–55.
38. Morrow N, Hargie O, Woodman C. Consumer perceptions of and attitudes to the advice-giving role of community pharmacists. Pharm J. 1993;251:25–7.
39. Greenhill N, Anderson C, Avery A, Pilnick A. Analysis of pharmacist– patient communication using the Calgary-Cambridge guide. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;83(3):423–31.
40. Pathickal S, Patel R, Swanby S .The Importance of Counseling and its Impact on Medication Adherence’, Rho Chi Post, 1 February, viewed 18 January 2024, https://rhochistj.org/RhoChiPost/importance-counseling-impact-medication-adherence.
41. Leuck S, 2015. Patient Medication Counselling Tool for Pharmacists’, Pharmacy Times, viewed 01 February 2024, https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/patient-medication-counseling-tool-for-pharmacists.
42. Jay Melanie. The Importance of Patient Counseling in Healthcare. Pharmaceut Reg Affairs 12 (2023): 383.
43. Schommer JC, Gaither CA. A segmentation analysis for pharmacists’ and patients’ views of pharmacists’ roles. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2014;10(3):508–28.
44. Epstein RM, Franks P, Fiscella K, et al. Measuring patient-centered communication in patient-physician consultations: theoretical and practical issues. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(7):1516–28.
45. Badro DA, Sacre H, Hallit S, Amhaz A, Salameh P. Good pharmacy practice assessment among community pharmacies in Lebanon. Pharm Pract. 2020;18:1745.
46. Sendekie AK, Dagnaw AD, Dagnew EM. Pharmacists’ involvements and barriers in the provision of health promotion services towards noncommunicable diseases: community-based cross-sectional study in northwest Ethiopia. Arch Public Health. 2023;81:31.
47. Nsengimana A, Biracyaza E, Hategekimana JC, et al. Attitudes, perceptions, and barriers of community pharmacists in Rwanda towards health promotion: a cross sectional study. Arch Public Health. 2022;80:157.
48. Showande SJ, Laniyan MW. Patient medication counselling in community pharmacy: evaluation of the quality and content. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2022;15:103.
49. Ejeta F, Feyisa D, Kebede O, et al. Medication counseling practices in medicine retail outlets found in Bench Sheko Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, South West Ethiopia. Pragmat Obs Res. 2021;12:105-117.
50. Molla M, Sisay W, Andargie Y, Kefale B, Singh P. Patients’ satisfaction with outpatient pharmacy services and associated factors in Debre Tabor comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2022;17:e0262300.
2. Willeboordse F, Hugtenburg JG, Schellevis FG, Elders PJM. Patient participation in medication reviews is desirable but not evidence-based: a systematic literature review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;78(6):1201–16.
3. Qudah B, Thakur T, Chewning B. Factors infuencing patient participation in medication counseling at the community pharmacy: a systematic review. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2021;17(11):1863–76.
4. Yang S, Kim D, Choi HJ, Chang MJ. A comparison of patients’ and pharmacists’ satisfaction with medication counseling provided by community pharmacies: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):131.
5. Chandra A, Malcolm N, Fetters M. Practicing health promotion through pharmacy counseling activities. Health Promot Pract. 2003;4(1):64–71.
6. Svarstad BL, Bultman DC, Mount JK. Patient counseling provided in community pharmacies: efects of state regulation, pharmacist age, and busyness. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2004;44(1):22–9.
7. Ejeta F, Feyisa D, Kebede O, et al. Medication counseling practices in medicine retail outlets found in Bench Sheko Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, South West Ethiopia. Pragmatic Obs Res. 2021;12:105–17.
8. Erah PO. The challenging roles of pharmacists in hospital and community pharmacy practice in Nigeria. Trop J Pharm Res. 2003;2(2):195–6.
9. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. ASHP guidelines on pharmacist-conducted patient education and counseling. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997;54(4):431–4
10. Puspitasari HP, Aslani P, Krass I. A review of counseling practices on prescription medicines in community pharmacies. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2009;5(3):197–210
11. American Society of Consultant Pharmacists. Guidelines for pharmacist counseling of geriatric patients. 1998. https://www.ascp/com. Accessed 14 Jan 2024.
12. Puumalainen I, Halonen P, Enlund H, Johnson K, Airaksinen M. Validation of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) medication counselling behaviour guidelines. Pharm Educ. 2021;5(2):87–96.
13. Schatz R, Belloto RJ, White DB, Bachmann K. Provision of drug information to patients by pharmacists: the impact of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 a Decade Later. Am J Ther. 2003;10(2):93–103.
14. Barnes JM, Riedlinger JE, McCloskey WW, Montagne M. Barriers to compliance with OBRA ’90 regulations in community pharmacies. Ann Pharmacother. 1996;30:1101–5.
15. Sleath B. Pharmacist-patient relationships: authoritarian, participatory or default? Patient Educ Couns. 1996;28:253–63.
16. Erickson SR, Kirking DM, Sandusky M. Michigan Medicaid recipients’ perceptions of medication counseling as required by OBRA’90. J Am Pharm Assoc. 1998;38:333–8.
17. Vainio KK, Airaksinen MSA, Hyykky TT, Enlund KH. Efect of therapeutic class on counseling in community pharmacies. Ann Pharmacother. 2002;36:781–6.
18. Basheti IA, Reddel HK, Armour C, Bosnic-Anticevich SZ. Counselling about turbuhaler technique: needs assessment and efective strategies for community pharmacists. Respir Care. 2005;50:617–23.
19. Krass I. A comparison of clients’ experiences of counselling for prescriptions and over-the-counter medications in two types of pharmacies: validation of a research instrument. J Soc Admin Pharm. 1996;13:206–14.
20. Hassell K, Noyce PR, Rogers A, Harris J, Wilkinson J. Advice provided in British community pharmacies: what people want and what they get. J Health Serv Res Policy. 1998;3:219–25.
21. Dickinson D, Raynor DK. Ask the patients they may want to know more than you think. BMJ. 2003;327:861.
22. Nair K, Dolovich L, Cassels A, et al. What patients want to know about their medications: focus group study of patient and clinician perspectives. Can Fam Physician. 2002;48:104–10.
23. Zieger DK, Mosier M, Buenaver BS, Okuyemi K. How much information about adverse efects of medication do patients want from physicians. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:706–13.
24. Schommer JC, Wiederholt JB. Pharmacists’ perceptions of patients’ needs for counseling. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1994;51(4):478–85.
25. Blom L, Jonkers R, Kok G, Bakker A. Patient education in 20 Dutch community pharmacies: analysis of audiotaped patient contacts. Int J Pharm Pract. 1998;6:72–6.
26. Myers ED, Calvert EJ. Information, compliance and side efect: a study of patients on antidepressant medication. Br J Clin Pharm. 1984;17:21–5.
27. Krueger JL, Hermansen-Kobulnicky CJ. Patient perspective of medication information desired and barriers to asking pharmacists questions. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2011;51(4):510–9.
28. Arnet I, Holden M, Antoniou S. Evaluation of a prompt card for community pharmacists performing consultations with patients on anticoagulation–lessons learned. Pharm Pract Granada. 2018;16(3):1244.
29. Cannon-Breland ML, Westrick SC, Kavookjian J, Berger BA, Shannon DM, Lorenz RA. Pharmacist self-reported antidepressant medication counseling. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2013;53(4):390–9.
30. Elaro A, Shah S, Armour CL, et al. A snapshot of pharmacist attitudes and behaviors surrounding the management of pediatric asthma. J Asthma. 2015;52(9):957–68.
31. Stevenson FA, Cox K, Britten N, Dundar Y. A systematic review of the research on communication between patients and health care professionals about medicines: the consequences for concordance. Health Expect. 2004;7(3):235–45.
32. Weiss MC, Platt J, Riley R. Medication decision making and patient outcomes in GP, nurse and pharmacist prescriber consultations. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2015;16(5):513–27.
33. Boeni F, Arnet I, Hersberger KE. Adherence counseling during patient contacts in Swiss community pharmacies. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2015;9:597–605.
34. Barner JC, Bennett RW. Pharmaceutical care certifcate program: assessment of pharmacists’ implementation into practice. J Am Pharm Assoc 1996. 1999;39(3):362–7.
35. Maes KA, Ruppanner JA, Imfeld-Isenegger TL, Hersberger KE, Lampert ML, Boeni F. Dispensing of prescribed medicines in swiss community pharmacies-observed counselling activities. Pharmacy. 2019;7(1):1.
36. Aslanpour Z, Smith FJ. Oral counselling on dispensed medication: a survey of its extent and associated factors in a random sample of community pharmacies. Int J Pharm Pract. 1997;5:57–63.
37. Olsson E, Ingman P, Ahmed B, Kalvemark SS. Pharmacist-patient communication in Swedish community pharmacies. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2014;10(1):149–55.
38. Morrow N, Hargie O, Woodman C. Consumer perceptions of and attitudes to the advice-giving role of community pharmacists. Pharm J. 1993;251:25–7.
39. Greenhill N, Anderson C, Avery A, Pilnick A. Analysis of pharmacist– patient communication using the Calgary-Cambridge guide. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;83(3):423–31.
40. Pathickal S, Patel R, Swanby S .The Importance of Counseling and its Impact on Medication Adherence’, Rho Chi Post, 1 February, viewed 18 January 2024, https://rhochistj.org/RhoChiPost/importance-counseling-impact-medication-adherence.
41. Leuck S, 2015. Patient Medication Counselling Tool for Pharmacists’, Pharmacy Times, viewed 01 February 2024, https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/patient-medication-counseling-tool-for-pharmacists.
42. Jay Melanie. The Importance of Patient Counseling in Healthcare. Pharmaceut Reg Affairs 12 (2023): 383.
43. Schommer JC, Gaither CA. A segmentation analysis for pharmacists’ and patients’ views of pharmacists’ roles. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2014;10(3):508–28.
44. Epstein RM, Franks P, Fiscella K, et al. Measuring patient-centered communication in patient-physician consultations: theoretical and practical issues. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(7):1516–28.
45. Badro DA, Sacre H, Hallit S, Amhaz A, Salameh P. Good pharmacy practice assessment among community pharmacies in Lebanon. Pharm Pract. 2020;18:1745.
46. Sendekie AK, Dagnaw AD, Dagnew EM. Pharmacists’ involvements and barriers in the provision of health promotion services towards noncommunicable diseases: community-based cross-sectional study in northwest Ethiopia. Arch Public Health. 2023;81:31.
47. Nsengimana A, Biracyaza E, Hategekimana JC, et al. Attitudes, perceptions, and barriers of community pharmacists in Rwanda towards health promotion: a cross sectional study. Arch Public Health. 2022;80:157.
48. Showande SJ, Laniyan MW. Patient medication counselling in community pharmacy: evaluation of the quality and content. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2022;15:103.
49. Ejeta F, Feyisa D, Kebede O, et al. Medication counseling practices in medicine retail outlets found in Bench Sheko Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, South West Ethiopia. Pragmat Obs Res. 2021;12:105-117.
50. Molla M, Sisay W, Andargie Y, Kefale B, Singh P. Patients’ satisfaction with outpatient pharmacy services and associated factors in Debre Tabor comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2022;17:e0262300.
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| Issue | Vol 11, No 3 (Summer 2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
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| 3All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India. | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mishra P, Dhillon H, Bhargava S. Effectiveness of Patient Medication Counseling in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Pharm Care. 2024;12(3):169-176.
