Phlebitis Uncovered: An Integrative Review of Contributing Factors
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Abstract
Background: Phlebitis is a common complication of intravenous therapy, marked by inflammation of the vessel wall and surrounding tissues. Its incidence varies widely, from 6.2% to over 70%, and is influenced by multiple factors. This review aimed to identify factors contributing to phlebitis to improve prevention strategies and patient care in clinical settings.
Methods: We conducted an integrative review of relevant articles, including clinical studies, meta-analyses, and case reports published up to October 2024. A comprehensive search was performed across PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus. Twenty-one studies were selected for analysis and summary.
Results: Based on the reviewed studies, several factors influence phlebitis incidence: patient-related factors, including age (older adults over 40 are generally at increased risk), gender, with inconsistent impact, and comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; medication-related factors (drug irritancy, pH, osmolality, and particulate matter); and procedure-related factors (catheter placement and clinical practices)
Conclusion: Phlebitis risk is shaped by patient-, product-, and process-related factors. Understanding how these elements interact is essential for effective prevention and management. Further research will help clinicians develop strategies to reduce complications and improve outcomes.
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| Issue | Vol 13, No 3 (Summer 2025) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jpc.v13i3.20323 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Phlebitis Intravenous Infusion Thrombophlebitis Intravenous Therapy Peripheral Catheter | ||
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